What are the three narratives in Frankenstein? Who is Cartwright in The Hound of the Baskervilles? But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. In two other reviews where the author is known as the daughter of William Godwin, the criticism of the novel makes reference to the feminine nature of Mary Shelley. Elizabeth since they are not blood relatives. A merchant and friend of Victors father; the father of Caroline Beaufort. [7] The novel has had a considerable influence on literature and on popular culture; it has spawned a complete genre of horror stories, films, and plays. Douthwaite, Julia V. "The Frankenstein of the French Revolution," chapter two of, Freedman, Carl. Frankenstein is a multi-strand narrative with 3 different first person narrators. This shows that Victor recognizes the consequences that resulted from his youth. [53] Similarly, Victor's family is one of the most distinguished of that republic and his ancestors were counsellors and syndics. H 264. [60] Percy wrote several essays on what became known as vegetarianism including A Vindication of Natural Diet. Caroline Beaufort: Frankenstein family matriarch; Victor Frankenstein's mother Mary Shelley: real-life author of the novel Frankenstein; she wrote the story while on vacation with . Instead, Frankenstein's creation is referred to by words such as "wretch", "monster", "creature", "demon", "devil", "fiend", and "it". Her parent had undoubtedly influenced her ways of writing. In 1908, one author said "It is strange to note how well-nigh universally the term "Frankenstein" is misused, even by intelligent people, as describing some hideous monster. Caroline Beaufort Frankenstein Victors mother. He fulfills four roles. Although the Creature was described in later works as a composite of whole body parts grafted together from cadavers and reanimated by the use of electricity, this description is not consistent with Shelley's work; both the use of electricity and the cobbled-together image of Frankenstein's monster were more the result of James Whale's popular 1931 film adaptation of the story and other early motion-picture works based on the creature. She is a champion for the poor and underpriviledged. The story of Frankenstein. How is Caroline Beaufort described in Frankenstein? What does this do for the story? Margaret Walton Saville, a.k.a. Who is the main character in Dracula by Bram Stoker? He holds them responsible for his future happiness or sadness. Her whole life revolved around taking care of her family. The group talked about Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment ideas as well. Who is Henry Clerval in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley? "[25] During one evening in the middle of summer, the discussions turned to the nature of the principle of life. Who is narrating at the end of Frankenstein? The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Who is Grendel said to be In The Descent of Man? What is the mood of Chapter 1 Frankenstein? A few hours later, the crew rescues a nearly frozen and emaciated man named Victor Frankenstein. What did Bram Stoker contribute to literature? Though Frankenstein is infused with elements of the Gothic novel and the Romantic movement, Brian Aldiss has argued for regarding it as the first true science-fiction story. Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" (1798) is associated with the theme of guilt and William Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey" (1798) with that of innocence. Galvanism and occult ideas were topics of conversation for her companions, particularly for her lover and future husband Percy B. Shelley. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Thus two seminal horror tales originated from the conclave. [31] This was one of many personal tragedies that impacted Shelley's work. However, he is shown to be innocent, and after being released, he returns home with his father, who has restored to Elizabeth some of her father's fortune. It included a lengthy new preface by the author, presenting a somewhat embellished version of the genesis of the story. Post. [76] In more recent years the novel has become a popular subject for psychoanalytic and feminist criticism: Lawrence Lipking states: "[E]ven the Lacanian subgroup of psychoanalytic criticism, for instance, has produced at least half a dozen discrete readings of the novel". The Bodleian acquired the papers in 2004, and they belong now to the Abinger Collection. Upon arriving in Geneva, Victor sees the Creature near the crime scene and becomes convinced that his creation is responsible. Caroline was very involved in charity work much like Mary Shelley and her mother Mary Wollestonecraft especially for families in poverty. Shelley's novel, Frankenstein: or, the Modern Prometheus (1818), is a combination of Gothic horror story and science fiction. each morning, and every time being "forced to reply with a mortifying negative. He undertakes the creation of a humanoid, but due to the difficulty in replicating the minute parts of the human body, Victor makes the Creature tall, about 8 feet (2.4m) in height, and proportionally large. Explore his role as Victor's father, his job, marriage, and death. Who is the father of Caroline Beaufort in Frankenstein? He is telling his life story to Robert Walton. Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is an 1818 novel written by English author Mary Shelley. In addition, Shelley's portrayal of the monster owes much to the character of Satan in Paradise Lost; and, the monster says in the story, after reading the epic poem, that he empathizes with Satan's role. Frankenstein, your son, your kinsman, your early, much-loved friend; he who would spend each vital drop of blood for your sakes, who has no thought nor sense of joy except as it is mirrored also in your dear countenances, who would fill the air with blessings and spend his life in serving youhe bids you weep, to shed countless tears; happy . When Beaufort died, Elizabeth was adopted into the Frankenstein 3 vols. For Dippel's experiments and the possibility of connection to. Dr. John Polidori, "The Vampyre" 1819, The New Monthly Magazine and Universal Register; London: H. Colburn, 18141820. Caroline You were brought to this world by people that don't care for you and you are thrown into a world of pain and suffering, and tears and hunger" are an important part of the story. He believes it is one's duty. Who is Enfield in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde? "Production and Reproduction: The Case of, Rauch, Alan. Caroline's heart is big enough not only for charity work but also for adoption, hence she takes Elizabeth into her family. Shelley travelled through Europe in 1815, moving along the river Rhine in Germany, and stopping in Gernsheim, 17 kilometres (11mi) away from Frankenstein Castle, where, two centuries before, an alchemist had engaged in experiments. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. She is described to be the ideal daughter, wife, and mother. She is graceful and affectionate, and young Frankenstein has a wonderful childhood. Who is the unreliable narrator in Frankenstein? We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. In The Frankenstein of the French Revolution, author Julia Douthwaite posits that Shelley probably acquired some ideas for Frankenstein's character from Humphry Davy's book Elements of Chemical Philosophy, in which he had written that "science has bestowed upon man powers which may be called creative; which have enabled him to change and modify the beings around him ". Beaufort. They discussed ideas from Erasmus Darwin and the experiments of Luigi Galvani as well as James Lind. In Shelley's original work, Victor Frankenstein discovers a previously unknown but elemental principle of life, and that insight allows him to develop a method to imbue vitality into inanimate matter, though the exact nature of the process is left ambiguous. Conger, Syndy M., Frederick S. Frank, and Gregory O'Dea, eds. Caroline is Victor Frankenstein's mother. M.W.S. Parallels between Victor Frankenstein and Mary's husband, Percy Shelley, have also been drawn. He urges them to be men, not cowards. When Beaufort died, Elizabeth was adopted into the. Summary: Chapter 1 He starts with his family background, birth, and early childhood, telling Walton about his father, Alphonse, and his mother, Caroline. I saw the hideous phantasm of a man stretched out, and then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life, and stir with an uneasy, half vital motion. Alphonse spent the majority of his youth as a public official working for his country. Ravaged by grief and guilt, Victor retreats into the mountains. What kind of writing style does Shelley use in Frankenstein? From the window, Victor sees the Creature, who tauntingly points at Elizabeth's corpse; Victor tries to shoot him, but the Creature escapes. Victor dies shortly thereafter, telling Walton, in his last words, to seek "happiness in tranquility and avoid ambition." This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Frankenstein tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment. Mary Shelley's mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, died from infection eleven days after giving birth to her. The themes of loss, guilt, and the consequences of defying nature present in the novel all developed from Mary Shelley's own life. It was published in an edition of just 500 copies in three volumes, the standard "triple-decker" format for 19th-century first editions. "Perhaps a corpse would be re-animated," Mary noted, "galvanism had given token of such things". These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. He begins his story just slightly before his birth. Writing the novel in the early 19th century, Shelley addressed the common stereotypical view of women as inferior to men that society of the time held. [35][36] In 2008, the Bodleian published a new edition of Frankenstein, edited by Charles E. Robinson, that contains comparisons of Mary Shelley's original text with Percy Shelley's additions and interventions alongside.[37]. Frankenstein the True Story; or. Caroline Beaufort Frankenstein's death is ironic because it is actually Elizabeth Lavenza who gets sick first. William Frankenstein Victors youngest brother who is killed by the monster. However, although the speech makes an impression on the crew, it is not enough to change their minds and when the ship is freed, Walton regretfully decides to return south. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Over eight years, she endured a similar pattern of pregnancy and loss, one haemorrhage occurring until Percy placed her upon ice to cease the bleeding. Frankenstein Chapter 1. Who was Caroline? embedded narrative Finally, 0 comments on Helena Bonham Carter as Caroline Beaufort-Frankenstein in Guillermo del Toro's Frankenstein. It was during their trip to France that Percy probably had an affair with Mary's stepsister, Claire. Chapter 1 1. Alphonse dies of an apoplectic fit after hearing of the death of Elizabeth. She lives in London with her husband and children and is never seen or heard from in Frankenstein, but plays an integral role nonetheless. Who is Caroline to Victor in Frankenstein? Frankensteins creature is guilty of two counts of first degree murder for the deaths of Henry Clerval and Elizabeth Lavenza, one count of third degree murder for the death of William Frankenstein, and one count of involuntary manslaughter for the death of Justine Moritz. Elizabeth Lavenza The orphan child taken in by the Frankenstein family and lovingly raised with Victor. Even more worrying to him is the idea that creating the second creature might lead to the breeding of a race that could plague humankind. [67] Some scholars prefer the original version, arguing that it preserves the spirit of Mary Shelley's vision (see Anne K. Mellor's "Choosing a Text of Frankenstein to Teach" in the W. W. Norton Critical edition). Shelley's father was a famous author of the time, and her education was of great importance to him, although it was not formal. Walter Scott, writing in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, praises the novel as an "extraordinary tale, in which the author seems to us to disclose uncommon powers of poetic imagination," although he was less convinced about the way in which the monster gains knowledge about the world and language. After her father's death, Caroline is taken in by, and later marries, Alphonse Frankenstein. He died soon thereafter. Victor tells Walton to learn from his mistakes, that knowledge for evil ends leads to disaster. Shelley grew close to her father, William Godwin, having never known her mother. In the best-known versions of the Prometheus story, by Hesiod and Aeschylus, Prometheus merely brings fire to humankind, but in other versions, such as several of Aesop's fables (See in particular Fable 516), Sappho (Fragment 207), and Ovid's Metamorphoses, Prometheus is the actual creator of humanity. Caroline Beaufort Frankenstein Victor's mother. Victor's father and Mr. Beaufort, his mother Caroline's father, had a congenial relationship. Victor suspects that the Creature is following him. The blind man's son attacked him and the Creature fled the house. Dudley Do Right watched in horror as his vagina was cut up and turned inside out to become a penis. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. An adaptation of Mary Shelley's novel which tells the true story of the legend of Frankenstein In the late 1700s, a scientist named Victor Frankenstein is obsessed with creating life from the dead, and built an 8-foot humanoid from the cadavers of the grave. He fears that the female will hate the Creature or become more evil than he is. Explain the relationship of Alphonse Frankenstein and Caroline Beaufort in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. The British Critic attacks the novel's flaws as the fault of the author: "The writer of it is, we understand, a female; this is an aggravation of that which is the prevailing fault of the novel; but if our authoress can forget the gentleness of her sex, it is no reason why we should; and we shall therefore dismiss the novel without further comment". In Frankenstein, Victor doesn't give his monster a name. Beaufort A merchant and friend of Victors father; the father of Caroline Beaufort. Caroline Beaufort - The daughter of Beaufort.After her father's death, Caroline is taken in by, and later marries, Alphonse Frankenstein.She dies of scarlet fever, which she contracts from Elizabeth, just before Victor leaves for Ingolstadt at age seventeen. Beaufort was a merchant who fell into poverty and moved to Lucerne with his daughter. Victor falls ill from the experience and is nursed back to health by Clerval. Victor's father, weakened by age and by the death of Elizabeth, dies a few days later. When Victor lands in Ireland, he is arrested for Clerval's murder, as the Creature had strangled Clerval and left the corpse to be found where his creator had arrived. Frankenstein introduced Clerval to the professors. At the end of Victor's narrative, Captain Walton resumes telling the story. What was H.P. The Creature has often been mistakenly called Frankenstein. Victor describes his mother as possessing a mind of uncommon mould (18). [51][52] Milton frequently refers to God as "the victor" in Paradise Lost, and Victor's creation of life in the novel is compared to God's creation of life in Paradise Lost. Learn about the character Alphonse Frankenstein from the novel ''Frankenstein'' by Mary Shelley. Third, he creates a structure through which Victor Frankenstein can relate his story. Caroline characterizes the ideal woman in the 18th century. What is the story of Victors mother Caroline Beaufort? [48] A literary essay by A.J. [2][3][4][note 1] Clerval accompanies Victor to England, but they separate, at Victor's insistence, at Perth, Scotland. Shelley's personal experiences also influenced the themes within Frankenstein. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. He found that people were afraid of him and hated him due to his appearance, which led him to fear and hide from them. Who are the narrators in Frankenstein and the creature? There he learns about modern science and, within a few years, masters all that his professors have to teach him. Aldiss, Brian W. "On the Origin of Species: Mary Shelley". He reminds them of why they chose to join the expedition and that it is hardship and danger, not comfort, that defines a glorious undertaking such as theirs. Sitting around a log fire at Byron's villa, the company amused themselves by reading German ghost stories translated into French from the book Fantasmagoriana. Weeks before he leaves for the University of Ingolstadt in Germany, his mother dies of scarlet fever; Victor buries himself in his experiments to deal with the grief. 3 vols. In doing this, she presents us with three diverse narrators: Captain Walton, who is driven, like Victor Frankenstein, for the knowledge that can bestow glory; Victor Frankenstein, the stranger who sees himself in Walton and tells his tale as a warning; and the creature, who demands to be heard, demands to speak in . Daughter of M. Beaufort; mother of Victor, Ernest, and William Frankenstein; wife of Alphonse; aunt and adoptive mother of Elizabeth; mother surrogate to Justine Moritz. Beaufort, in his decline into poverty and wretchedness, brings Caroline with him, and during his final illness, she ministers to him for ten months. Who does the Beowulf poet name as Grendel's ancestor? The term "Modern Prometheus" was derived from Immanuel Kant who described Benjamin Franklin as the "Prometheus of modern times" in reference to his experiments with electricity.[61]. Gris Grimly's Frankenstein is a graphic novel published in 2013 by Gris Grimly as an adaptation of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. After the monster tells his tale to Victor Frankenstein, what does he ask Victor to do . Caroline dies of scarlet fever when Victor is 17. [23] Byron proposed that they "each write a ghost story. 12mo. It documents a fictional correspondence between Captain Robert Walton and his sister, Margaret Walton Saville. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is a novel that explores many different kinds of characters, all of which surround Victor as he loves, lives, fears for, and then fights for his life. What is the. Heffernan, James A. W. "Looking at the Monster: Knoepflmacher, U. C. and George Levine, eds. In 1817, they managed to defea. Victor Frankenstein relates that Beaufort, from a flourishing state, fell, through numerous mischances, into poverty. She was found guilty and executed. His father, although as of yet unnamed, is Alphonse Frankenstein, who was involved heavily in the affairs of his country and thus delayed marriage until late in life. Lew, Joseph W. "The Deceptive Other: Mary Shelley's Critique of Orientalism in, O'Flinn, Paul. What is The Outsider by H.P. The town of Frankenstein in Silesia (now Zbkowice, Poland) was the site of a scandal involving gravediggers in 1606, and this has been suggested as an inspiration to the author. Frankenstein is one of the first gothic novels. Many writers and historians have attempted to associate several then popular natural philosophers (now called physical scientists) with Shelley's work because of several notable similarities. also the father of Elizabeth and close friend of Victor's father. This misnomer continued with the successful sequel Bride of Frankenstein (1935), as well as in film titles such as Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein. It does not store any personal data. In her novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley portrays all of her female characters from both positive and negative perspectives. [17], The influence of John Milton's Paradise Lost and Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner are clearly evident in the novel. Beaufort was a man who fell into poverty as a merchant. The works of Galileo. Mr. In a 1965 issue of The Journal of Religion and Health a psychologist proposed that the theme of guilt stemmed from her not feeling good enough for Percy because of the loss of their child.[15]. On the journey, he rescued a child who had fallen into a river, but her father, believing that the Creature intended to harm them, shot him in the shoulder. This man, whose name was Beaufort, was of a proud and unbending disposition and could not bear to live in poverty and oblivion in the same country where he had formerly been distinguished for his rank and . What classic scary character did author Bram Stoker create? Why does Victor reach Ingolstadt University with mixed feelings? Il film fa parte di una serie di classici horror che furono prodotti dalla . While Shelley was aware of both of these men and their activities, she makes no mention of or reference to them or their experiments in any of her published or released notes. [74] Major critics such as M. A. Goldberg and Harold Bloom have praised the "aesthetic and moral" relevance of the novel,[75] although there have also been critics, such as Germaine Greer, who criticized the novel for technical and narrative defects (who claimed it has three narrators who speak in the same way). Who is Haspel in A Confederacy of Dunces? [57] Prometheus, in versions of Greek mythology, was the Titan who created humans in the image of the gods so that they could have a spirit breathed into them at the behest of Zeus. As in Mary Shelleys work, the form echoes in structure the thematic search in the story for something deep, dark, and secret at the heart of the narrative. Since the publication of the novel, the name "Frankenstein" has often been used, erroneously, to refer to the monster, rather than to his creator/father.[8][9][10]. This edition is the one most widely published and read now, although a few editions follow the 1818 text. "Natural Philosophy of the Soul", Western Press, 1999. Victor is the oldest son of Alphonse and Caroline Beaufort Frankenstein.Victor's childhood is a good one. His mother, Caroline Beaufort, is the daughter of a merchant and marries the older, reputable Alphonse Frankenstein. The first five chapters (which do not include the letters) of the novel are narrated by Victor Frankenstein. Retrieved March 04, 2023, . Robert Walton is a failed writer who sets out to explore the North Pole in hopes of expanding scientific knowledge. In the novel, Shelley shifts the narration from Victor Frankensteins point of view in the first half of the book to the monsters point of view in Chapter 11. They were subjected to financial difficulties and moved away. Who road bikes in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde? Beaufort fits into the background of Frankenstein. Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Frankenstein has a complex narrative structure. There are many other similarities, from Percy's usage of "Victor" as a pen name for Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire, a collection of poetry he wrote with Elizabeth,[54] to Percy's days at Eton, where he had "experimented with electricity and magnetism as well as with gunpowder and numerous chemical reactions," and the way in which Percy's rooms at Oxford were filled with scientific equipment.[55][56]. He describes his ancestry thus: "I am by birth a Genevese; and my family is one of the most distinguished of that republic. [68] La Belle Assemble described the novel as "very bold fiction"[69] and the Edinburgh Magazine and Literary Miscellany hoped to see "more productions from this author". Who is Beaufort? What makes a work Gothic is a combination of at least some of these elements: 1. a castle, ruined or intact, haunted or not, 2. ruined buildings which are sinister or which arouse a pleasing melancholy, . Caroline dies of scarlet fever when Victor is 17. What are the books in the Dean Koontz Frankenstein series? Who is L.L. Radu Florescu argued that Mary and Percy Shelley visited Frankenstein Castle near Darmstadt in 1814, where alchemist Johann Konrad Dippel had experimented with human bodies, and reasoned that Mary suppressed mention of her visit in order to maintain her public claim of originality. [46] The German name Frankenstein means "stone of the Franks," and is associated with various places in Germany, including Frankenstein Castle (Burg Frankenstein) in Darmstadt, Hesse, and Frankenstein Castle in Frankenstein, a town in the Palatinate. Caroline is Victor Frankenstein's mother. Other literary influences that appear in Frankenstein are Pygmalion et Galate by Mme de Genlis, and Ovid, with the use of individuals identifying the problems with society. The monster learns how to speak and interact by observing them. If the creature's hatred for Victor and his desire to raise a child mirror Percy's filial rebelliousness and his longing to adopt children, his desire to do good and his persecution can be said to echo Paine's utopian visions and fate in England.[42]. Adam is also referred to in the epigraph of the 1818 edition:[40], Some have posited the creature as a composite of Percy Shelley and Thomas Paine. 8 Who was Frankensteins mother in the book Frankenstein? The weather was too cold and dreary that summer to enjoy the outdoor holiday activities they had planned, so the group retired indoors until dawn. See full answer below. Who is Beaufort? All rights reserved. Lackington and Co. 1818", "Yes, Frankenstein really was written by Mary Shelley. Video SparkNotes: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein summary Share Watch on Facebook Twitter Reddit Messenger WhatsApp Telegram Share Chiu, Frances A. That angel would be Lucifer (meaning "light-bringer") in Milton's Paradise Lost, which the monster has read. Victor knows that no one will believe him if he tries to clear Justine's name, and she is hanged. 9. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. real-life author of the novel Frankenstein; she wrote the story while on vacation with Percy Shelley (her husband) and Lord Byron (her friend) while on vacation in Switzerland; both Percy Shelley and Lord Byron became world-famous British poets. Read the overview below to gain an understanding of the work and explore the previews of analysis and criticism that invite further interpretation. Who is the protagonist in Dracula by Bram Stoker? By using such a complex narrative structure, Mary Shelley is able to lead the reader gradually to the central ideas of the novel which, if introduced suddenly, might be dismissed as being beyond belief. What are the books the creature reads in Frankenstein, and what does he learn from them? He holds them responsible for his future happiness or sadness. D. A serving girl. Frankenstein: or the Modern Prometheus. Caroline Beaufort - The daughter of Beaufort. She is the biological mother of Viktor, Ernest, and William Frankenstein, and the adopted mother of Elizabeth Lavensa. The dissecting room and the slaughter-house furnished many of my materials (54 55). Blu Ray. As a Pythagorean, or believer in An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty by Joseph Ritson,[59] Mary Shelley saw Prometheus not as a hero but rather as something of a devil, and blamed him for bringing fire to humanity and thereby seducing the human race to the vice of eating meat. Createyouraccount. Lovecraft? [28], Mary Shelley began writing what she assumed would be a short story, but with Percy Shelley's encouragement, she expanded the tale into a fully-fledged novel. He was also the father of Elizabeth and close friend of Victor's father. Lovecraft about? "Reform, Revolution, and the relevance of Frankenstein in 2020" in, This illustration is reprinted in the frontispiece to the, For example, the Longman study edition published in India in 2007 by Pearson Education. Shelley completed her writing in April/May 1817, and Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus was published on 1 January 1818[62] by the small London publishing house Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones. She is the mother of Victor Frankenstein, the main character in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. From a young age, Victor has a strong desire to understand the world. Alphonse quits public life to become a father and husband. Alphonse rescues and then marries Caroline. "Hail Mary: On the Author of, Gigante, Denise. Her name first appeared in the second edition, which was published in Paris in 1821. What is the narrative structure of the book Frankenstein? In the opening of the narrative, Victor begins his tale with the background of his family in Geneva. Many scholars have noted the shared initials of Saville and Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley and prefer to think of Saville as . Alphonse Frankenstein Character Traits & Analysis. Victor suffers another mental breakdown and wakes to find himself in prison.

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