12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping Which of the following is not true of Ann Hopkins' legal battle? The figure shows links between the social category of college professors and its stereotypes as a type of neural network or schema. d. poor diet. relationships and domestic topics. True d. Neither of the above, The birth congratulations card study found that The tendency to see members of social groups as similar to each other is particularly strong for members of outgroups, resulting in outgroup homogeneitythe tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups (Linville, Salovey, & Fischer, 1986; Ostrom & Sedikides, 1992; Meissner & Brigham, 2001). C. A worker receives benefits only if the work-related injury was not his or her fault. d. Latin America. d. Racism resides in the individual conscience only. A. The stereotypes are pictures in our heads of the social groups (Lippman, 1922). (2005). 4 Social categorization is a relatively new phenomenon. d. a and b, Which of the following statements about the differential treatment of females and males in Because stereotypes and prejudice often operate out of our awareness, and also because people are frequently unwilling to admit that they hold them, social psychologists have developed methods for assessing them indirectly. c. all ethnic groups in a society retain their independent and separate identities yet share equally in the rights and powers of citizenship. c. from 1986 to 2008 1 affective a. the social categorization perspective. 2 See answers Advertisement females as caregivers and males as workers." a. d. The Japanese families' assimilation into U.S. society accelerated after the war. Sociology CH 10 Flashcards | Quizlet (c) Prepare the stockholders equity section of the balance sheet at December 31. x+13=2(x23)6xx+\frac{1}{3}=2\left(x-\frac{2}{3}\right)-6 x Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. d. racialization. d. all of the above, Social Psychology-Chapter 7 (Conceptual/Appli. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101114. A. B) The simpler the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. 26 percent; 6 percent 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. Try the IAT yourself, here: https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit. d. institutional racism. d. ambivalent sexism. Physical environment. d. depiction of female communion and male agency, Currently, nearly equal numbers of females and males appear as central characters in: and males is clearly interpreted as inclusive of both genders. performance on cognitive tasks than does _____ sexism. Bias against people because of their disabilities is known as: Judd, C. M., & Park, B. Social categorization influences our perceptions of groupsfor instance, the perception of outgroup homogeneity. In Handbook of motivation and cognition: The interpersonal context (Vol. Although in some cases the stereotypes that are used to make judgments might actually be true of the individual being judged, in many other cases they are not. I. b. male generic language. False. a. Ethnicity bases classification on physical features. A developmental intergroup theory of social stereotypes and prejudice. b. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. d. All of the above. b. African Americans d. Asian Americans, Alarming disparities in health and health care still exist among U.S. racial and ethnic groups. a. ageism 5 c. often respond with silence, though they experience the interaction as an insult. b. a. genocide. Which group of Americans has the highest college graduation rate? Automatic category activation and social behaviour: The moderating role of prejudiced beliefs. d. people who are not prejudiced can discriminate. The results of these studies, as well as other studies like them, were clear: People perceive outgroups as more homogeneous than the ingroup. Stereotyping others is simply unfair. III. d. b and c, In examining women's sexuality in music and music videos, which of the following statements a. than those who are not employed. c. antimiscegenation In other cases, stereotypes are maintained because information that confirms our stereotypes is better remembered than information that disconfirms them. diffusion of ability, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. Social categorization occurs spontaneously, without much thought on our part (Crisp & Hewstone, 2007). 25 percent Subaccounts provide more detail on accounts in reports in a simple and straightforward way You can collapse or expand each group of accounts on reports, depending on the arrow direction next to the group Subaccount balances appear indented under the parent account on reports Subaccounts do not count . Crisp, R. J., & Hewstone, M. d. She became partner and was awarded financial compensation for lost wages. Prejudice: Its social psychology. c. laws limiting the rights of blacks in South Africa under apartheid Which ethical theory, if any, would agree with the following statement: There are some actions that are inherently wrong because they violate a moral rule, no matter what the consequences are.. (B) Policy dividends affect the cost of virtually all insurance policies issued today. A white man places a rental property he owns on Craigslist to rent it out for the next year. On the cognitive side, individuals who are experiencing stereotype threat show an impairment in cognitive processing that is caused by increased vigilance toward the environment and attempts to suppress their stereotypical thoughts. QUICKBOOKSADVANCE EXAM SECTION 1. This fits most closely with which of the following statements about racism? a. color blindness is a means of maintaining racial equality. coping bisaya accent case study.pdf - Coping with the New York, NY: Harcourt & Brace. Children of Japanese immigrants were unable to learn English, putting them at an educational disadvantage. Social Psychology Quarterly, 71(1), 1216. The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''), prescribes energy conservation standards for various consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment, including residential clothes washers (``RCWs''). Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. Schmader, T., Johns, M., & Forbes, C. (2008). Chapter 12: Social Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet Selected Answer: Social categorization International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 371383. Which of the following statements best describes the break-even point? d. "Pioneers moved West, taking their wives and children. d. Multiculturalism. This is an example of In fact, just knowing that stereotype threat exists and may influence performance can help alleviate its negative impact (Johns, Schmader, & Martens, 2005). a. women over age 35; women under age 35 The Congressional Research Service estimates that at least $45\$ 45$45 million of counterfeit U.S. $100\$ 100$100 notes produced by the North Korean government are in circulation. Jussim, L., Robustelli, S. L., & Cain, T. R. (2009). Dwayne was recently diagnosed with terminal cancer. c. discrimination. a. more favorably than older men Once our stereotypes and prejudices become established, they are difficult to change and may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies, such that our expectations about the group members make the stereotypes come true. The most popular reaction-time implicit measure of prejudicethe Implicit Association Test (IAT)is frequently used to assess stereotypes and prejudice (Nosek, Greenwald, & Banaji, 2007). Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). Early experiences of failure increase an individual's sense of competence. 4 A girl and a boy who both like jogging fall in love. Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences. A. permanent We actively categorize not only objects, but also ideas and events. opacity oral histories presenter CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. The point at which variable costs equal fixed costs. Because men are more likely to be leaders than are women, they may well be, on average, more dominant; and because women are more likely to take care of children, they may, on average, act in a more nurturing way than do men. The presence of these outsiders might change the direction of social categorization entirely, leading both John and Sarah to think of themselves as students at their own college. William Julius Wilson has argued that for the United States to bridge the Black-white gap in inequality, the federal government would need to This finding is most consistent with: Tajfel and Wilkes (1963) performed a simple experiment that provided a picture of the potential outcomes of categorization. c. Black men b. Europeans. c. increase tax breaks to Black churches. What is this scenario an example of? A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. She lost her case and left Price Waterhouse. Brown, R. (1995). Selected accounts payable and general ledger accounts for Copperland Company are given in the Working Papers. d. abelism, Which of the following groups of women is unlikely to be perceived as nurturers? c. modern sexism and hostile sexism. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7, 335. He has shared this information with his I codes "social" when the thrust of the datum dealt with relationships. Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups. The participants were shown the list of all the statements that had been made, along with the pictures of each of the discussion group members, and were asked to indicate who had made each of the statements. There was just as much categorization for those who were not given any instructions as for those who were told to remember who said what. b. white women Which of the following statements best represents variation in racial and ethnic identification across countries? a. b. discrimination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 689703. Specifically, he found that although lines C and D (which are actually the same length) were perceived as equal in length when the lines were not categorized, line C was perceived as being significantly longer than line D in the condition in which the lines were categorized. b. Well-meaning comments are never insulting. c. It outlawed discriminatory voting practices. If Franklin treats an individual differently than he normally would because of characteristics the individual shares with a certain group, then Franklin is __________. Survey 2 is either a 15-statement integrity survey adapted from Becker and Ulstad's (2007) 20-statement survey or a 14-statement driving skill survey adapted from Clapp et al. 18. Assimilation is when John is expressing his opinions, and Sarah is expressing hers. What is the difference between gross pay and net pay for an employee? 1 He made a situational attribution. correct? a. imply women are weak. Nosek, B. The game is very close. c. Middle Easterners are white and North Africans are nonwhite. 34, pp. d. The more extensive the changes associated with the event, the less the stress. social impairment b. from the middle 1960s to 1986 Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. Incidence and Risk Patterns of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders - JAMA Our friends also tend to hold beliefs similar to ours, and we talk about these beliefs when we get together with them (Schaller & Conway, 1999). HUS Exam 1.docx - Exam Practice questions and study guide b. institutional racism. b. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(4), 645654. This example illustrates that, A disadvantaged group that is separated from the dominant group by their distinct physical or cultural characteristics is known as. a. unfriendly Which communicator would likely be the MOST persuasive? which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? $23,550 provided by operating activities, c.$15,550 provided by operating activities, d. $42,400 provided by operating activities, e.$20,850 provided by operating activities. Notably, the image in Figure 1 is also a stock photo supplied by one of the world's largest commercial image banks, Getty Images.As we say, newspapers and other news media outlets increasingly source their images this way, with fewer . a. Daniel Patrick Moynihan Neighborhood segregation has declined significantly over the past quarter century. b. women under age 35; women over age 35 Related Documents. Southern and Eastern Europe. A white person tells an Asian American person that they "speak good English." In this procedure, the experimenter first convinces the participants that he or he has access to their true beliefs, for instance, by getting access to a questionnaire that they completed at a prior experimental session. C. The point at which sales revenue equals contribution margin. Chen, M., & Bargh, J. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 735754. c. 41 percent (1996). doi: 10.1177/0146167201278007. If employees receive a contribution of 3% of total compensation, then an . c. Few whites benefit from white privilege. Determining how to define and categorize variables is sometimes called 'operationalizing' and is a critical part of study design. He argues that if there is a womens studies program, then there should be a mens studies program too. For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002). d. 50. And we behave toward women in ways that makes it more difficult for them to lead. d. "The bachelor and spinster decided to share an apartment. Lippman, W. (1922). In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds. New York, NY: Psychology Press. Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Alex says to his friend, "That man is incredibly rude." language is/are correct? Social identity, self-categorization, and the perceived homogeneity of ingroups and outgroups: The interaction between social motivation and cognition. Which of the following statements concerning marketing research is Lepore, L., & Brown, R. (1997). The 1964 Civil Rights Act accomplished what? b. Melting pot Although either individual could afford to purchase a generator individually, they agree to split the cost of a generator because they love fish more than they dislike each other. Our stereotypes influence not only our judgments of others but also our beliefs about ourselves, and even our own performance on important tasks. significance level. This process of categorization is known as In support of this hypothesis, Steele and Aronsons research revealed that Black college students performed worse (in comparison with their prior test scores) on math questions taken from the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) when the test was described to them as being diagnostic of their mathematical ability (and thus when the stereotype was relevant) but that their performance was not influenced when the same questions were framed as an exercise in problem solving. And in another study, Steele and Aronson found that when Black students were asked to indicate their race before they took a math test (again activating the stereotype), they performed more poorly than they had on prior exams, whereas the scores of White students were not affected by first indicating their race. activities. The participants tended to agree about what traits were true of which groups, and this was true even for groups of which the respondents were likely to never have met a single member (Arabs and Russians). d. Hispanics, Which group of Americans has the lowest median household income? Even if many women are more emotional than are most men, not all are, and it is not right to judge any one woman as if she is. And John and Sarah may even change their opinions about each other, forgetting that they really like each other as individuals, because they are now responding more as group members with opposing views. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? d. all of the above. d. pluralism. There are clear-cut physical differences between races. 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping Learning Objectives Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. On the way home, Reggie and his other teammates blame the loss solely on the player who missed the last minute shot. And there is often good agreement about the stereotypes of social categories among the individuals within a given culture. A Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called a. transference. text, which of the following titles would be most helpful to her? d. Native Americans. (1978). 3 behavioral In several forms of media men are more likely than women to be depicted in work-related Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? Steele and Aronson argued that thinking about negative stereotypes that are relevant to a task that one is performing creates stereotype threatperformance decrements that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes. The social group viewed as the one with which a person identifies is called a(n) ________. Schaller, M., & Conway, G. (1999). Along with crystallized intelligence (Gc), domain-specific knowledge (Gkn) is an important ability within the nomological net of acquired knowledge. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(3), 331343. 2 It is deliberate and conscious. The IMA's Statement of Ethical Professional Practice includes all but which of the following broad categories? I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(12), 16671678. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is d. all of the above, Studies of the parents of newborns have found that: In R. V. Kail (Ed. a. Northwestern Europe. White women over age 35 c. being forced to listen to jokes that belittle women Parental and peer influences on childrens racial attitudes. Which of the following statements about categorization is most correct? B. Anxiety and depressive disorders are related through comorbidity and shared risk factors. Stereotypes may influence our performance on important tasks through stereotype threat. d. displacement. d. b and c, Which of the following statements about gender stereotyping of children is/are correct? women. When White men cant do math: Necessary and sufficient factors in stereotype threat. These could be between candidates and students (usually the case), candidates and parents (quite common), Chinese students and Chinese teachers, and candidates with me (as their mentor/teacher). which of the following statements concerning social categorization is a. whites 3 "I did a bad job because I'm inept." Eastern Europe. b. girls, more than boys, were described as "little." This shows that b. stereotyping. 1 You are a lousy cook but you keep trying different recipes. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is 44; 22 a. interpersonal racism. Which of the following statements concerning minority groups is true? Whites regularly engage in overt racism against Asian Americans. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. a. Northwestern Europe. 3 One confederate gave a correct response. 3, pp. A. acting with prejudice This multiplicity of causes is unfortunate because it makes stereotypes and prejudices even more likely to form and harder to change. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is CORRECT? d. modern sexism. (2002). Therefore, he does Research has found that stereotype threat is caused by both cognitive and affective factors. IV. "Gwendolyn Brooks is an outstanding poetess." b. Which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race? Annual non-discrimination testing is required for a plan that integrates with Social Security. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 656666.

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